“ This is a collagen vascular disease commonly affecting the lungs, characterised by the deposition of autoantibodies and immune complexes in tissues (usually idiopathic, may be drug induced). It is 10-times more common in women. Treatment is with steroids and immunosuppression. PLAIN FILM • Pleural thickening (up to 50%, often painful) and pleural effusions. • …
“ Asymptomatic in 70% of patients (despite florid appearances on imaging!). Typically presents at age 30-50 years, more common in Turkey. PLAIN FILM • Diffuse, dense miliary calcification, which may obscure borders with the mediastinum, diaphragm, etc. • Sub-pleural cyst formation may give the pleura a lucent appearance on chest x-ray. CT • Numerous bilateral …
“ In the absence of malignancy elsewhere, small nodules are risk stratified using the Fleischner Society guidelines. Masses >4 cm are usually malignant. PET is 96% sensitive for lung nodules >1 cm. Nodules <2 cm are benign in about 80% of cases. Features suggesting benignity include: • Lack of interval growth over 2 years• Calcification …
“ May develop at any point in relation to the joint disease. Typically affects patients who are positive for rheumatoid factor. The chest is more likely to be affected in male patients with rheumatoid. PLAIN FILM • Most have a unilateral pleural effusion. • Bilateral pleural thickening is also common. • Lower zone volume loss/fibrosis. …
This is a non-specific pattern of tiny centrilobular nodules of soft tissue density attached to branches arising from a single stalk seen on HRCT. The branches and stalk represent dilated, thick-walled lobular bronchioles (normally too small to be seen) filled with mucous, pus, fluid or tumour cells. Causes include infection (bacterial, fungal or viral), congenital …
“ Due to inhaled Mycobacteria tuberculosis. This is very common worldwide. Initial infection in the naive host is known as primary TB; secondary/reactivation TB occurs due to immunocompromised status or reinfection. Miliary disease may occur with primary or secondary TB. PLAIN FILM • Classic acute appearance is middle/lower lobe consolidation with ipsilateral lymph node enlargement and effusion. …
“ 1. Normal chest radiograph2. Bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement3. Bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement, parenchymal infiltration4. Parenchymal infiltration5. Parenchymal volume loss as a result of pulmonary fibrosis—20% get to stage 4 with irreversible fibrosis. ” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case …
“ A string or cluster of cyst-like bronchi, the most severe kind of bronchiectasis. Causes include post-infectious (e.g. pertussis and unilobar), post-obstruction and Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Plain film/HRCT • Cysts in clusters or strings • Air-fluid levels commonly seen within the cysts Cystic bronchiectasis. Chest x-ray demonstrating ring shadows in keeping with cystic bronchiectasis. ” For …
“ Granuloma Organising pneumonia B ronchogenic cyst Inflammation/infection Tumour Carcinoid Hamartoma ” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case discussion Join our Telegram group: Radiology Made Easy
“ Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease that is more common in women and those of African descent. Typically presents at less than 40 years of age. Up to 50% are asymptomatic; otherwise, symptoms are non-specific—cough, chest pain, weight loss, etc. The lungs are affected in 90% and pulmonary complications account for most morbidity and …