“ Due to excessive fluid accumulation associated with the cap of unerupted molars (key to diagnosis). In total, 80% are mandibular and they rarely become malignant. The key features of cystic lesions in the maxilla and mandible are summarised in Table PLAIN FILM • Well-corticated, unilocular cyst associated with an unerupted molar.• Look for a fracture …
“ Connected to back pain, though the precise link is controversial. MRI • Disc degeneration with signal change paralleling the end plates.• Signal characteristics are commonly classified according to the Modic system” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case discussion Join our Telegram …
“ This is an autosomal recessive disorder related to copper metabolism. Hepatic disease appears first, typically in late adolescence. MRI • Variable signal abnormality mostly in the basal ganglia (especially the putamen) and midbrain (tegmentum).• There may be high signal on T1 from the paramagnetic effects of copper, but mostly high T2.• Characteristically, the red …
“ This affects adults and is due to lymphocytic infiltration. It causes a painful, proptosed and paralysed eye. The lacrimal gland is the most frequently affected. It is associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis, Wegener granulomatosis, sarcoidosis and fibrosing mediastinitis. It may affect other parts of the skull base, meninges, nasopharynx, etc. The main differential is lymphoma. …
“ This is a rare frontotemporal dementia with onset in young adults. CT/MRI • Asymmetrical temporal (and sometimes) frontal lobe atrophy• Similar pattern seen with alcoholism and schizophrenia” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case discussion Join our Telegram group: Radiology Made Easy …
“ This is a paediatric emergency. It is due to congenital failure of perforation of the oronasal membrane. It is associated with malrotation, DiGeorge syndrome and foetal alcohol syndrome. CT • Bilateral air-fluid levels in the nasal cavity• Thickening of the vomer• Inward bowing of the maxilla• Narrowing of the posterior choanae to <3 mm …
“ T1 less than 2 cm T2 2-4 cm T3 Minimal local invasion T4 Extensive local invasion or anaplastic type N1a Level VI nodes only N1b Any other level ” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case discussion Join our Telegram group: Radiology Made Easy
“ Herniated material may be contained by the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) or be accompanied by a PLL tear. In total, 90% of discs improve clinically with 8-10 weeks of symptomatic treatment, 50% improve on MRI and 10% get worse. MRI • Axial and sagittal T2 and T1 slices are key to diagnosis.• Look for …
“ Commonly, it arises due to adjacent sinusitis (also trauma, foreign body, etc.). CT • Inflammation of the peri-orbital fat. • With or without focal fluid collection showing rim enhancement. • Pre-septal infection is confined to the tissues anterior to the septum (the point of attachment of the eyelid). • Post-septal infection is usually extra-conal …
“ May occur with hypo- or hyper-parathyroidism, Fahr disease, post-anoxia, neonatal AIDS or Cockayne disease. CT • Look for calcification elsewhere, suggesting a systemic problem.” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Facebook Subscribe to our youtube channel for FRCR radiology case discussion Join our Telegram group: Radiology Made Easy